CHANGING GENDER ROLES, MARITAL INSTABILITY AND RISING DIVORCE RATES IN ILEMELA DISTRICT, TANZANIA

Abstract

The increasing divorce rate in Ilemela District, Tanzania, reflects major transformations in gender roles and marital expectations. This study investigates how changing gender dynamics influence marital instability by examining the experiences of divorced couples, married partners, and key informants such as social welfare officers, court officials, and religious leaders. Using a qualitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Participants were purposively selected for their lived experiences or professional expertise in marital issues. Thematic analysis, facilitated by NVivo software, revealed that women’s growing participation in both income-generating and domestic responsibilities has redefined traditional household roles. These shifts often generate conflict, particularly when men find it difficult to adjust to new gender expectations. Furthermore, the increasing awareness of gender equality and women’s rights has transformed patterns of decision-making and authority within marriages, leading to disputes and unmet expectations between spouses. The findings suggest that the clash between traditional cultural norms and modern gender relations is a key factor driving divorce in the district. The study concludes that promoting marital stability requires culturally sensitive approaches that recognize evolving gender roles. Interventions such as premarital and marital counseling, gender dialogue programs, and improved spousal communication can help couples navigate these transitions more effectively. Overall, the study underscores the need for community-based strategies that balance gender empowerment with mutual understanding and cooperation in marriage, thereby fostering more resilient and harmonious marital relationships.