The International Journal of Social Science, Management and Economics Research (ISSMER) is committed to protecting the intellectual property rights of authors and to promoting the use of open access publishing.

All published articles are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows others to share and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided they give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, and do not use the work for commercial purposes without prior written consent.

Authors retain the copyright to their published work and grant ISSMER the right to publish and distribute the article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Any commercial use of the content requires the written consent of the author(s) and the publisher.

By submitting their work to ISSMER, authors agree to the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license and grant ISSMER the right to publish and distribute the article. Any use of copyrighted materials within the submitted article must be properly attributed and comply with fair use guidelines.

Any use of copyrighted materials within the submitted article must be properly attributed and comply with fair use guidelines. Unauthorized use, reproduction, or distribution of published articles is prohibited. Permission to use any published material must be obtained in writing from the author(s) and the publisher.

ISSMER takes copyright infringement seriously and will take appropriate action if any infringement is detected. If you have any concerns about copyright infringement or the use of copyrighted materials in published articles, please contact the editorial team.